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Linux vs Windows Operating System

Created by Deepak Sharma in Articles 7 Apr 2025

«Learn Windows Server Fundamentals

The debate between Linux and Windows is a frequent topic when it comes to operating systems.

Users often find it challenging to determine which system is more suitable for their needs, as preferences vary—some lean toward the graphical user interface (GUI), while others prefer the command-line interface (CLI). There is an ongoing debate, and opinions remain divided.

In this article, we have compared the Linux and Windows operating systems and listed 14 differences between Linux and Windows. Further, to get in-depth knowledge about Linux and Windows operating systems, servers, etc. Check out our networking courses.

What is Linux?

Linux is a free, open-source operating system that emphasizes high performance and customization. Named after its creator, Linus Torvalds, it debuted in 1991.

Designed with compatibility in mind, Linux follows Unix standards and is widely compatible with mobile devices, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It also serves as the foundation for Android, Amazon Kindle, and numerous smart TVs.

Features of Linux

Linux stands out as a powerful, versatile, and open-source operating system. Here are some of its key features:

1. Open Source

2. Multitasking

3. Multiuser Capability

4. Security

5. Portability

6. Flexibility and Customization

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What is Windows?

Developed and sold by Microsoft, Windows is a proprietary operating system introduced in 1985.

According to Statista, Windows leads the market share for desktop, tablet, and console devices worldwide, holding around 68.15%. Known for its compatibility and easy-to-navigate interface, Windows appeals to users across all technical levels.

Recent versions, like Windows 11, are particularly tailored to improve productivity for remote and hybrid workers and students.

Features of Windows

Key features in Windows include:

1. Graphical User Interface (GUI)

2. Multitasking

3. User Management

4. Security

5. Compatibility

6. Customization

14 Difference Between Linux and Windows

Look at the table below, where we compare Linux and Windows Operating systems on various aspects to list the differences between them:

Sn. No.	Basis	Linux	Windows
1	Entry	Open-source; users can modify the kernel and customize it freely.	Closed-source; source code is generally inaccessible to users.
2	Diversity	Wide range of distributions (Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, etc.) that are highly customizable.	Fewer customization options; different editions (Home, Pro, Enterprise) offer limited variance.
3	Command-Line	Powerful and essential (referred to as Terminal); frequently used for administration and tasks.	Includes Command Prompt and PowerShell, but most users prefer GUI options for daily tasks.
4	Installation	Requires user inputs and can be complex; installation is usually faster than Windows.	Easier installation process with fewer inputs required, but it takes longer to complete.
5	User	Better suited for technical users; requires knowledge of commands.	User-friendly GUI, suitable for both technical and non-technical users.
6	File System	Hierarchical (tree structure), starting from root ("/"); case-sensitive.	Uses different drives (e.g., C:, D:, E:); case-insensitive.
7	Home Directory	Each user has a separate home directory (e.g., /home/user).	User files are stored in paths like "C:\Users\Username".
8	Kernel	Monolithic kernel; generally consumes more space but offers high performance and stability.	Microkernel: smaller but can be less efficient in performance.
9	Safety	Considered highly secure due to strong permissions and lower malware targeting.	More vulnerable to malware and viruses, requiring antivirus for protection.
10	Reliability	High reliability; generally stable with low resource usage and high uptime.	Improved reliability but still prone to some system instabilities.
11	Support	Large community support through forums and online resources; generally free, with some paid options.	Provides official support, both free and paid, along with accessible online forums.
12	Updates	Users have full control over updates; updates are quick and unobtrusive.	Frequent updates, sometimes mandatory, which can be time-consuming and interruptive.
13	Pricing	Free and open-source; some enterprise distributions may have a support cost.	Paid license required; typically costs between $99 and $199.
14	License	Distributed under GPL (GNU General Public License).	Distributed under a proprietary commercial license by Microsoft.

Pros and Cons of Linux

Let us look at the Pros and Cons of using Linux as your operating system, and find out who should use Linux.

Advantages of Linux:

● Users can modify and share custom versions of Linux.

● Most Linux distributions are free.

● Linux is lightweight and performs well even on older hardware.

● Users can detect vulnerabilities and modify the source code to defend against specific attacks.

Disadvantages of Linux

● Linux can be challenging for those used to mainstream systems.

● Linux often requires more manual configuration and lacks certain built-in applications and features.

Who Should Use Linux?

Linux is ideal for tech-savvy users who enjoy customization and control over their operating system. It's perfect for developers, IT professionals, and enthusiasts who want to modify the source code, add unique software packages, and implement custom security protocols.

Pros and Cons of Windows

Let's also look at the benefits and disadvantages of Windows.

Advantages of Windows:

● Windows is designed to be intuitive and easy to navigate.

● Windows supports a wide variety of software, more so than many other operating systems.

Disadvantages of Windows:

● Windows requires substantial system resources, which can reduce performance on older hardware.

● The operating system’s full administrative access also makes it more vulnerable to attacks.

● Windows requires a paid license, unlike the typically free Linux.

● Users depend on Microsoft for system fixes rather than accessing the source code themselves.

Who Should Use Windows?

Windows is ideal for general users who prefer an out-of-the-box system with built-in functionality and minimal customization. It's a great choice for those who want a user-friendly experience without needing technical knowledge.

Windows is also perfect for users who need compatibility with a wide range of hardware and software, making it suitable for both personal and professional use.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the difference between Linux and Windows lies primarily in their design philosophies, flexibility, and intended use cases. Linux, known for its open-source nature, offers robust customization, better security, and is widely favored for servers and development environments.

Windows, with its user-friendly interface and extensive commercial software support, excels in personal computing and enterprise productivity.

Choosing between the two depends on your requirements, technical expertise, and use cases, highlighting the importance of understanding both systems' unique strengths and limitations.

How to Learn Linux Online?»

Deepak Sharma

He is a senior solution network architect and currently working with one of the largest financial company. He has an impressive academic and training background. He has completed his B.Tech and MBA, which makes him both technically and managerial proficient. He has also completed more than 450 online and offline training courses, both in India and ...

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FAQ

What is the main difference between Linux and Windows?

Linux is open-source, free, and highly customizable, while Windows is a paid, closed-source operating system with limited customization options. Linux emphasizes security and efficiency, whereas Windows focuses on user-friendliness.

What can Linux do that Windows can't?

Linux allows users to access and modify the source code, enabling customizations and bug fixes. It supports centralized package management systems for software installation, unlike Windows.

Is Linux faster than Windows?

Yes, Linux is faster due to its lightweight architecture and organized file system. It performs efficiently even on older hardware, whereas Windows demands more system resources.

What is Linux used for?

Linux is used for server management, programming, cybersecurity, embedded systems, and cloud computing. It’s also popular among developers for its flexibility and command-line interface.

What is the benefit of Linux vs Windows?

Linux offers better security, lower costs (free), high reliability, and flexibility. It’s ideal for technical users needing customization, while Windows provides ease of use for non-technical users.